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Ancient Jewish Perspectives

Read selections linked to each question.

(1) What is the relationship between the place where Abraham nearly sacrificed his son and the location of the temple (see Gen 22:1-19; 2 Chron 3:1)? What is the significance of the temple’s location according to Deuteronomy 12:1-28? What is the relationship of the temple to the faithful of Israel (see 1 Kgs 8:27-30; Isa 56:1-8)?

(2) What is the meaning of “second temple Judaism? What is the “Pseudepigrapha”? When was Jubilees  written? How does Jubilees 17:16-18:16 interpret the near sacrifice of Abraham’s son?[1] Where did the author of Jubilees get these ideas?

(3) When was Pseudo-Philo written? How is the near sacrifice of Isaac interpreted in The Biblical Antiquities of Pseudo-Philo 32:2-3?

(4) What is a targum and Targum Neofiti? What was the significance of the near sacrifice of Isaac according Targum Neofiti Gen 22:14?

(5) Who is Josephus, when did he live, and why did he write the Antiquities of the Jews? What distinctions does Josephus make in his presentation of the near sacrifice of Abraham’s son in Antiquities of the Jews 1:222-236?

(6) How do second temple Judaic writings which interpret scripture in light of other traditions help us understand ancient Judaisms?

(7) Who is Maimonides? What did Maimonides suggest “the binding” signified in Guide for the Perplexed?



[1] Second temple Jewish writings about the Hebrew Bible sometimes added traditional interpretive elements as a way of commentary. This ancient style of commentary is something like interpretation in the genre of “historical fiction.” This applies to the books of Jubilees, Targum Neofiti, Biblical Antiquities of Pseudo-Philo, and other writings.


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